Angle-measuring apparatus



S. P. ALONSO.

ANGLE MEASURING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED JUL! 9. 1920.

1,420, 1 '75., Patented June 20, 1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET I.

l? .Fff .1.

I: w a 15 T Y a S.- P. ALONSO.

ANGLE MEASURING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION man JULYB. 1920.

1,420,175. Patented June 20,1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

S. P. ALONSO. ANGLE MEASURING APPARATUS. APPLICATION FILED JULY 9. 1920.

1 ,420, 1 75 Patented June 20, 1922;

c 3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- QSEG'UNDU PEREZ ALONSG, OLE HABANA, CUBA.

ANGLE-MEASURING APPABATUfi.

llAZthl Z5.

Specification. of Letters Patent.

Patented June 2t), 1922.

Application filedjfuly 9.1920. Serial No. 395,065.

T 0 all whom it may concern Be it known that I, Sno-Unno j Penis:

ALoNso, a subject of the King of Spain, residing at .tlahana, Cuba, have invented a new and useful Anglelleasuring Apparatus. oi which the following is a specification. p

This invention relates to apparatus'de signed tor measuring angles and itsooject is to provide an apparatus of: such class and of improved construction wherein is obtained. the duplication; triplication and quadruplication of angles as well as the reverse solution 0t such problems, that is, the reduction of such angles to halt, third or fourth part, etc.

In general terms this invention consists in adapting an accessory to the goniometers'oi all classes. sextuiuts, transits, teodolites, telescopes, etc. as well as'to compasses, pantographs and other similar apparatus used in topography, geodesia and drawing. as well as to the various intuihines and tools where its use might be required, this attachment being based upon a very simple application oi elementary geometrical. principles which will he more fully understood in the course oi? this specification.

The invention is described with reference to the figures oi the annexed drawings, in which:

Fig. l is a plan diagrammatic view show ing the principle on which this invention. is based.

Fig. 2 is a side eleva-tiol'i of a trisector coinpass constructed in accordance with this invention.

Fig. 2 is an upper plan view thereof.

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of an angle duplicator pantograph gonioineter constructed. in accordance with the principle of this in vention.

Fig. 3'" is an upper plan view thereof.

Fig. 4 is a side elevationot a modified. form of said goniometer constructed in accordance with the said principle.

Fig. 4? is an upper plan view thereof.

Fig. 5 is a side elevation of a pantograph gonionieter tor quadruplicating angles, which is constructed in accordance with this invention.

Fig. 5 is an upper plan view thereof.

Fi 6 and 6 are'enlarged front and side elevations of a construction detail.

Referring now to Fig. 1 of these drawings, same represents graphically the principle on which my invention is based, which consists ot a small parallelogram A B C D of even sides which are supposed to he articulated on the vertex and its side A D is entended'torming the diagonal of a quadrilateral (3 Fl] D constructed on. side D C oi parallelogram A. B (l D and. whose sides are also articulated on its vertex, this quadrilateral complying with the requirement that its sides E l 'and'D E be respectively alike to the sides C l and C D. Simple geometrical considerations will lead us to the conclusion that the angles B A. (l, .l A D and D A E are equal to one another and that the angles C D F and F D E are equal to each other and that each one of these angles D D F and FD ll". is double the angle B A C. that angle U D E is Quadruple the angle 13 and that angle l) A. E is triple the angleflllllec. Y i

The 'sides'oi: parallelogram A B C D and quadrilateral (I F E D being articulated on its vertex so "that the point l may slide along the line A F, the previously enunciated conditions will be complied with for any-position whatsoever or point F and the mentioned angles will he kept always in the n'oportion mentioned.

In Figs. 2 and 2 is illustrated a trisector compass constructed in accordance with the principle previously set :iort-h, this compass consisting oi two rules 1 and 2 articulated on one otits ends as indicated in Rule 1 has articulated at a point l along the same two other rules 5 and 6 of which the rule 5 has articulated onits free end 8 another rule 7 which articulates in 9 with the middle portion of rule 2 and on the mentioned end 8 articulates also with a second rule 152 which in turn-is articulated in l3 to a slider i l-on rule-l and. provided with a set screw 15 and there being articulated in said point 13 another rule ll Which is articulated onits free end in 10 to the rule 5 articulated in d as set "forth. to rule 1. 0f the previously mentioned elements, the rules 5. 6 and 7 are of the same length and the distance from articulation 3 to articulation l is just the same as that between articulation. 3 to articulation 9. Rules 11 and 12 are exactly alike and the free ends of rules l and 2 present a cut on portion whose horder is on the extension of the shaft of the articulations and in perfect alineinent therewith. On the articulations 3, 8 and 10 can be placed a fine point or a bore where a puncher, pen point or fine point can be inserted.

As it can be readily understood, this apparatus is nothing but the actual application of the principle previously set forth and upon a slight comparison between Figures 1 and 2 this will clearly be disclosed. Thus, whenever it is desired to divide a given angle or arch in three equal parts the apparatus is placed with the point 3 on the vertex of the given angle and the rule 2 in such a manner that the beveled border may register or correspond with one of the end radius or sides of the angle. Then the slider 14:, which in this instance represents the point F of Fig. l, is slid on the rule 1 which represents the line A F until the point 10 may correspond with the other side of the given angle, and then pressing the set screw 15. Then is marked a point of the beveled border of rule 1 and another point with the puncher arranged on the articulation 8 and then uniting the center 3 to these marks we shall have in these lines the trise'ctorradius of the given angle.

In Figs. 3 and 3' is represented an angle duplicator pantograph goniometer constructed in accordance with this invention, 1 indicating the support of a spy-glass alidade 2 the support 1? being rotatably mounted on the end block of arm 8 provided with an opening for inserting therethrough in the same direction the rod 9 which is threaded in this part and smoothon the remaining part and being threadedly mounted on a horizontal cylinder 12 mounted substantially inside the block 12 and held by two transverse pins 11 these two pins being lodged in a circular groove or collar of said cylinder, the said arrangement of the pins with respect to the cylinder 12 permitting the turn of the rod but not the advance or ret-rocession thereof. The mentioned cylinder terminates out of block 12 in a milled head 12". On the free end of rod 9 are articulated the rods 5 and 7 the rod '7 being articulated at its opposite end with another rod 6 which is articulated with the approximately middle point of: another rod 4t constituting the diameter of a limb fixed thereto and divided in 180 degrees with whose outer border cooperates slidably a Vernier 6' iiXed to a bracket 6 united to the rod 6". The rod P projects beyond the limb and its end articulates with the rod 3 which in turn is articulated to the support 1 of the alidade and with rod 5. Block 12 is rotatably mounted on center of the circular platform 13 whose border fits slidably in a recess formed in a bracket 13 projecting from arm 8 and which is provided with a screw 10 for the adjustment of this arm 8. Platform 13 is mounted on a. nut articulation 14 connected to a supporting base it which can be leveled by the set screws 15 A. slight examination of the construction of this apparatus will show that the same bases on the same principle as set forth with reference to the Fig. i. F or using the described apparatus same should be set in place in a point which should be the vertex of the angle to be divided; and with which the articulation 14 is brought to coincide; the supporting platform of the described apparatus is leveled or arranged horizontally or vertically whether the angles to be treated be azimuthal or zenithal by placing the Vernier on the zero of the limb or in any point whatsoever previously determined, then the apparatus is turned around the center of platform l3? until a sight placed on a side of the angle becomes Within the optical held or the spy-glass 2*, then the set screw 10 is tightened and actuating on the milled head l2 the spy-glass is directed toward the other sight which is supposed to be arranged on the other side of the angle, reading the angle directly on the limb or else obtaining the diii'erence of readings on the limb on the two sights respectively, as the Vernier had been placed on the zero or in other different points.

in Figs 4 and 4P of the drawings is represented a modified construction of the previ ously described goniometer, though such modified construction is also based on the same principles of this invention. In this apparatus the arms orarticulated rods 5 and '7" are in opposite directions to that shown in Figs. 3 and 3 so to reduce the size of the apparatus. A screw 9* threaded on arm 8 has rotatably .mounted on its end a horizontal cylinder 12* to which the said arms 5 and 7" are articulated, in substitution of the rod 9 and the cylinder 12 of the prior illustration. The rest oithe construction, that is, the spy-glass 2 its support 1" and the rest of the articulated rods are exactly the same as the described goniometers and its corresponding parts are designated. with the same numerals. Its operation is also exactly the same as that of the type of goniometer previously described.

in Figs. 5 and 5 of the drawings is represented a pantograph gonion'ieter which serves for quadruplicating angles. This apparatus, as it will be observed, is also constructed in accordance with the principles on which the invention is based and comprises an alidade oi. spy-glass 2 provided with a support 19 mounted on the horizontal threaded rod 18 which has one end rotatably mounted on the pending bracket 19 and the other one articulated in the intersection vertex'or arms 3, 4 and 5, this rod being threaded through cylinders 17 on which terminates laterally the milled nut 17 means mounted between the arms of the vertical fork 16, said cylinders 17 being rotatably mounted on bearings 17 formed in said arms 16 and the shaft of the fork is rotatably mounted on a vertical shaft 11 and this shaft terminates in a widened end or block provided with a recess wherein slidably fits the border of a horizontal plate 13, the position of this plate being fixed with respect to the groove by a set screw 10. By means of the non-sliding nut 17 the rod 18 is moved forward or backwards in rectilineal direction. On shaft 11 as vertex is mounted the parallelogram formed by the articulated arms 1, 3, 1 and 8, arm 1 bearing a limb divided in 90 even parts for the direct measurement of the angles in sexagisimal degrees. Rod 18 constitutes together with the spy-glass 2 the diagonal of the said parallelogram on account of being articulated thereon the rods 3 and et. In that same point is also articulated the arm 5 whose end terminates in a sleeve mounted on a vertical shaft which at one end has a horizontal tubular collar 12 slidable along a rod 9 which is an extension of arm 8. On the end of the shaft which has the collar 12 is articulated the arm 7 on whose opposite end is articulated another arm 6 articulated 011 its other end to the middle portion of the rod et and the arm 6 bears the vernier 6 which slides upon the beveled outer edge of the limb. 14 designates a nut articulation for plate 13 on a supporting base 15, provided with levelling screws 15 of the apparatus and 20 indicates a plumb which can be attached to the apparatus on shaft 11.

For using the previously described apparatus, once the same is placed in station on the vertex of the angle to be quadruplicated whose vertex is brought in coincidence with the vertical shaft 11 and the platform 13 being leveled by means of the screws 15 and the vernier 6 placed on the zero of the limb or in any other point, whose reading will be recorded, the apparatus should be turned so that the visual be directed to a sight or buoy disposed on one of the sides of the angle and fixing the apparatus by means of screw 10.

'Then the nut 17 is operated until alining the spy-glass with the other sight or buoys arranged on the other side of the angle and the reading obtained directly on the limb or the difference between the. readings thereon will give us the value of the angle four times larger.

If it is so desired a goniometer can be constructed which would be capable of triplicating angles, it only being necessary for the purpose to dispose the platform 13 rotatable on shaft 11 and the limb fixed to arm 1 and articulating th rod 18 with the spy-glass and its support on the articulation of the arms 6 and 7.

Having thus described my invention and the manner in which the same is carried out, what I desire to protect by Letters-Patent is all that which may fall within the scope of the appended claim.

W hat I claim is In angle measuring apparatus, five links, four of which are pivoted to each other to form an equal sided parallelogram linkage, the fifth link being pivoted on the pivot of two adjacent links, one of said adjacent links having an extension, and means slidably and pivotally connected to said extension for maintaining the angle between said fifth link and the other adjacent link double the angle between the link having the extension and the link opposite said other adjacent link throughout all the adjustments of the apparatus.

In witness whereof I afiix my signature.

SEGUNDO PEREZ ALONSO. 

